ओवा पोटदुखीवर अतिसार

 

बायोमेड रिसर्च इंटरनॅशनल
. २०१४ जून २५; २०१४:५६९०८७. doi: १०.११५५/२०१४/५६९०८७
कॅरम कॉप्टिकम एल.: विविध औषधी गुणधर्म असलेले एक वनौषधी
मोहम्मद होसेन बोस्काबादी १,*, सईद अलितानेह २, आझम अलविनेझद १

सारांश

कॅरम कॉप्टिकम एल., जे सामान्यतः “अजवाइन” म्हणून ओळखले जाते, त्याची लागवड इराण आणि भारत, गुजरात आणि राजस्थान या राज्यांसह जगातील अनेक प्रदेशांमध्ये केली जाते.

 पारंपारिकपणे, पूर्वी सी. कॉप्टिकमचा वापर पोट फुगणे, थकवा, अतिसार, पोटातील गाठी, पोटदुखी, श्वास घेण्यास त्रास आणि भूक न लागणे यांसारख्या विविध उपचारात्मक परिणामांसाठी केला जात असे.

 याचे बुरशीविरोधी, अँटीऑक्सिडंट, जीवाणूविरोधी, परजीवीविरोधी आणि हायपोलिपिडेमिक (चरबी कमी करणारे) असे इतर आरोग्यदायी फायदे देखील आहेत.  

या वनस्पतीमध्ये कर्बोदके, ग्लुकोसाइड्स, सॅपोनिन्स आणि फिनोलिक संयुगे (कार्व्हॅक्रोल), बाष्पशील तेले (थायमोल), टर्पिन, पॅरासायमिन आणि बीटा-पिनिन, प्रथिने, चरबी, तंतुमय पदार्थ, तसेच कॅल्शियम, फॉस्फरस, लोह आणि निकोटिनिक आम्ल (नियासिन) यांसारखी खनिजे असे विविध महत्त्वाचे घटक आढळतात. मागील अभ्यासांमध्ये, सी. कॉप्टिकमचे अनेक औषधी परिणाम दिसून आले आहेत. त्यामुळे, या शोधनिबंधात या वनस्पतीच्या औषधी परिणामांचा आढावा घेण्यात आला आहे.

१. प्रस्तावना

सी. कॉप्टिकम किंवा अजवाइन ही वनस्पती 'एपिएसी' (Apiaceae) वनस्पती कुळातील असून, तिच्या बियांचा भारतात अन्नपदार्थांमध्ये पूरक म्हणून मोठ्या प्रमाणावर वापर केला जातो. 

ही वनस्पती उष्ण प्रकृतीची असून मुख्यत्वे औषधीदृष्ट्या प्रभावी आहे. सी. कॉप्टिकम ही इजिप्तमधील मूळनिवासींची वनस्पती आहे.  ही वनस्पती मध्य युरोप, आशिया, भारत (बहुतेक पिके राजस्थान, गुजरात आणि पश्चिम बंगाल या राज्यांमध्ये घेतली जातात), इराण (विशेषतः बलुचिस्तानचा पूर्व भाग), इराक, अफगाणिस्तान आणि पाकिस्तान [1, 2] यांसारख्या विविध प्रदेशांतील शुष्क आणि अर्ध-शुष्क शेतांमध्ये वाढते.

पारंपरिक औषधशास्त्रात, सी. कॉप्टिकमचे विविध उपचारात्मक उपयोग वर्णन केले गेले आहेत आणि पर्शियन पारंपरिक औषधशास्त्रात ते हजारो वर्षांपासून वापरले जात आहे [3].

 सी. कॉप्टिकमचे श्वासनलिका विस्फारक, खोकला कमी करणारे आणि श्वास घेण्यास होणारा त्रास कमी करणारे परिणाम सिद्ध झाले आहेत [3].

 रिफ्लक्स, पेटके, पोटातील गाठी, पोटदुखी आणि हेलिकोबॅक्टर पायलोरी यांसारख्या जठरांत्र विकारांमध्ये, तसेच डोळ्यांच्या संसर्गजन्य विकारांमध्ये या वनस्पतीचे उपचारात्मक परिणाम सिद्ध झाले आहेत [3].

सी. कॉप्टिकमच्या बियांच्या उपचारात्मक उपयोगांमध्ये वातहर, जंतुनाशक, अमिबियासिस कफोत्सारक, सूक्ष्मजीवविरोधी, परजीवीविरोधी, अँटीप्लेटलेट-ॲग्रीगेटरी आणि अँटिलिथियासिस तसेच सामान्य सर्दी आणि तीव्र घसादुखीवर उपचार करणे यांचा समावेश आहे [3]. या वनस्पतीमध्ये गर्भपात घडवणारे, दुग्धवर्धक आणि मूत्रवर्धक गुणधर्म आढळून आले आहेत [4, 5]. सी. कॉप्टिकममध्ये कर्करोगविरोधी क्षमतेचा पुरावा देखील आहे [6]. असे दिसून आले आहे की या वनस्पतीमध्ये गर्भविषारीपणा, गर्भपाताची क्षमता आणि दुग्धवर्धक गुणधर्म देखील आहेत [7].

मागील अभ्यासांमध्ये, सी. कॉप्टिकमसाठी विविध औषधशास्त्रीय परिणाम दर्शविले गेले आहेत. याव्यतिरिक्त, या वनस्पतीचा पारंपरिक औषधोपचारात मोठ्या प्रमाणावर वापर केला जातो. म्हणून, प्रस्तुत शोधनिबंधात सी. कॉप्टिकम आणि त्याच्या घटकांच्या विविध औषधशास्त्रीय परिणामांचा आढावा घेण्यात आला आहे.

“Ajwain Abdomminal pain bloting Diarrhea

 

. 2014 Jun 25;2014:569087. doi: 10.1155/2014/569087

Carum copticum L.: A Herbal Medicine with Various Pharmacological Effects

Mohammad Hossein Boskabady 1,*, Saeed Alitaneh 2, Azam Alavinezhad 1

Abstract

Carum copticum L. commonly known as “Ajwain” is cultivated in many regions of the world including Iran and India, states of Gujarat and Rajasthan. Traditionally, C. copticum has been used in the past for various therapeutic effects including bloating, fatigue, diarrhea, abdominal tumors, abdominal pain, respiratory distress, and loss of appetite. It has other health benefits such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and hypolipidemic effects. This plant contains different important components such as carbohydrates, glucosides, saponins and phenolic compounds (carvacrol), volatile oils (thymol), terpiene, paracymene and beta-pinene, protein, fat, fiber, and minerals including calcium, phosphorus, iron, and nicotinic acid (niacin). In the previous studies, several pharmacological effects were shown for C. copticum. Therefore, in this paper, the pharmacological effects of the plant were reviewed.

1. Introduction

C. copticum or Ajwain belongs to the Apiaceae plants family and its seeds are used extensively as a food additive in India and mainly therapeutically effective, with hot nature. C. copticum is an Egyptian aborigine plant. This plant grows in arid and semiarid fields in different regions of central Europe, Asia, India (most crops are in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and West Bengal), Iran (especially eastern regions of Baluchistan), Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan [1, 2].

In traditional medicine, different therapeutic applications for C. copticum have been described and in Persian traditional medicine it is used for thousands of years [3]. The bronchodilatory, antitussive, and antidyspnea effects were demonstrated for C. copticum [3]. The therapeutic effects of this plant in gastrointestinal disorders, such as reflux, cramps, abdominal tumors, abdominal pain, and Helicobacter pylori, as well as in eye infection disorders, have been demonstrated [3].

Therapeutic uses of C. copticum seeds also include carminative, antiseptic, amoebiasis expectorant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiplatelet-aggregatory, and antilithiasis as well as treating common cold and acute pharyngitis [3]. Abortifacient, galactogogic, and diuretic activities have been observed for this plant [4, 5]. There is also anticarcinogenic potential evidence for C. copticum [6]. It has been shown that this plant has also foetotoxicity, abortion potential, and galactogogue properties [7].

In previous studies, different pharmacological effects were shown for C. copticum. In addition, the plant has been used widely in traditional medicine. Therefore, different pharmacological effects of C. copticum and its constituents were reviewed in the present paper.

Annonaceae Introduction

 

. 2021 Dec 21;11(1):7. doi: 10.3390/plants11010007

Ref

Current Situation and Perspectives of Fruit Annonaceae in Mexico: Biological and Agronomic Importance and Bioactive Properties

Luis M Hernández Fuentes 1,*, Efigenia Montalvo González 2,*, Maria de Lourdes García Magaña 2, Luis M Anaya Esparza 2,3, Yolanda Nolasco González 1,2, Zuamí Villagrán 4, Sughey González Torres 4, José Joaquín Velázquez Monreal 5,*, David Antonio Morelos Flores 2

Editors: Kazuo N Watanabe, Jorge Cadena-Iñiguez, Akiko Hashiguchi, Beatriz Ramos Solano

1. Introduction

The Annonaceae family is one of the oldest angiosperms.

 In the analysis of fossils 

of leaves, seeds, fruits, and pollen, it is estimated that it had its origin in the late Cretaceous period [1] 

. The Annonaceae family is significant for ecological, evolutionary, and economic reasons [2]. 

Worldwide, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database lists 162 genera, and 3049 species of the Annonaceae family, distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical region of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia [3].

 On the other hand, the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) lists 111 genera with 2444 accepted species [4].

 The most representative genera of the family are Annona with 215 species, Goniothalamus with 147 species,

  Guatteria with 314 species, Polyalthia with 153 species, and Uvaria with 247 species, and Xylopia with 216 species [3]

, which together represent 42.3% of the species of this family.

In this context, in North America, the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) includes 14 genera and 35 species. 

While the database of the Sistema 

Nacional de Información de la Biodiversidad (SNIB) mentions the presence in Mexico of 22 genera and 73 species, of these, 19 belong to the genus Annona [5].

 Only the genera Annona and Asimina contain species that 

produce edible fruits; most of these species are found in Annona (A. cherimola Mill., A. squamosa L., A. muricata L., A. cherimola x A. squamosa, A. reticulata L., A. macroprophyllata Donn. Sm., A. glabra L., and A. purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal, while only A. triloba is present in Asimina [6].

It is estimated that the genus Annona originated 

approximately 66 million years ago in the tropics and subtropics of America, Southeast Asia, and Africa [7,8].

  A. cherimola, A. squamosa, A. macroprophyllata (= A. diversifolia), and A. muricata are native to Central America, and were distributed by humans to other countries [6,9].

  A. muricata, A. reticulata, A. squamosa, and A. cherimola may have been cultivated by the Mayans for at least 3400 years B.C., to which they made selections during their cultivation [10]. On the other hand, it is believed that 

A. reticulata is native to western India and was later carried to Central America [11].

  A. cherimola is a species cultivated mainly in the tropics and subtropics of America. Unlike the other fruit species of Annona, it requires a temperate climate

; it is cultivated in the United States, Mexico, Spain, Australia, Guatemala, Ecuador, and Peru [6,8], 

Spain being the main producer with 3600 hectares. In Mexico, its development and agronomic knowledge are still limited;

 36 hectares have been established, with a production of 247.3 tons [12]. Of the five fruit species of Annona, 

A. muricata currently presents greater agronomic development and established surface. It is cultivated mainly in Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil in areas with a warm climate from sea level to an altitude of 800 m. It is native to Central America [1,9]

. Currently, Mexico and Brazil are the main producers, and together they maintain around 8000 cultivated hectares [12,13].

 On the other hand, A. reticulata and A. macroprophyllata are still species with little or no cultivation development.

 Both are currently in a semi-cultivated state in backyard orchards or in the wild in tropical and warm regions in the Mexican Pacific states. A. macroprophyllata is native to Mexico. This species was a fruit known and consumed by the Aztecs before the arrival of the Spanish, who brought it to Europe in the year 1570 [14].

 It is mainly distributed in the dry tropic region in the states of Guerrero and Colima [15].

 It is commercialized in local markets; the fruits are

 collected in wild areas, from backyard trees, or established on the banks of other crops, such as corn, and mainly grazing lands.

 Efforts have been made to identify and characterize phenotypes of this species with outstanding adaptive and agronomic characteristics, highlighting the collections and characterizations of Ballesteros in the Tierra Caliente region, in the state of Guerrero [16,17,18].

 It tolerates soil conditions with low levels of nutrients, drought, and high temperatures, which makes it an interesting

 alternative species to grow in places with these conditions and contributes to the economy of low-income families [16].

  A. reticulata is found in the wild in Mexico; however, in other countries such as India, Brazil, Peru, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and the United States, 

it is found in small areas of cultivation, in backyards, and in the wild from where it is collected for its consumption and sale in local markets [11].

  A. squamosa is a little better-known species; it is cultivated in Central America, Mexico, India, and northwest Brazil [12,19,20]. It is distributed in tropical and subtropical countries in warm and semi-warm places from 200 m to 1300 m above sea level [21]. Brazil is the main producer, with around 10,000 hectares cultivated in the northwest [13].

The use of fruit Annonaceae is wide and varied; these fruits are consumed principally fresh. The processed fruits can be found in the market as different anonas-derived products such as ice cream, flakes, juice, nectar, jelly, yogurt, puree, milkshakes, syrup, jam, alcoholic beverages, desserts, and extracts of active compounds with medicinal properties [22]. However, during the last two decades, these Annona species have been the subject of numerous and diverse studies mainly due to their biological properties (ecology) and applications in the fields of medicine (various pathologies), nutraceuticals (antioxidants, minerals, and fiber), metabolomics (acetogenins and other insecticidal, fungicidal, and bactericidal compounds), and agriculture (alternative crops, molecular characterization, germplasm collection, characterization, plant breeding, and obtaining new varieties), among others [23].

Due to their genetic characteristics and biotechnological potential, interdisciplinary research groups have been formed in countries such as Spain, France, the United States, Japan, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico [24], and recently India and Bangladesh, as highlighted by numerous publications. In Mexico, the National Network of Anonaceas (NNA) was formed in 2002, made up of researchers from different institutions and disciplines of knowledge, with an emphasis on the study of the species A. muricata, A. cherimola, A. squamosa, A. diversifolia, A. reticulate, A. purpurea, and related wild genera that, faced with the increasing threat of environmental deterioration, are at risk of genetic erosion and gradual loss. The main objectives are the generation of knowledge for in situ and ex situ conservation, use and enhancement, and capacity building in these species [25]. Although some activities have been carried out in the NNA, the lack of budget support has limited the monitoring and fulfillment of these objectives. Currently, this network is part of the subcommittee on genetic resources, which in turn is coordinated by the Sectoral Committee on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, whose legal basis is on the Agreement by which the Sectoral Committee on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is created. The objective of this Committee is to promote the conservation, management, fair and equitable distribution of benefits, and sustainable use of genetic resources, through inter-institutional and interdisciplinary coordination in the sector [26]. Similarly, specialist meetings have been held with presentations of research results in different areas of knowledge in the Annonaceae group [24,25].

Considering the above, the objective of this review is to gather the current information generated in these Annona species, delimit the frontier of knowledge, and propose actions in the short, medium, and long term for the NNA. The JSTOR, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Scopus databases and national production statistics, as well as technical publications from research institutes and centers were reviewed.

It is interesting to observe how the development of research in these Annona species has been, on the one hand, the basic agronomic knowledge for 

their commercial production, and postharvest management technologies and obtaining derived products is still limited. They have made progress only in some areas of the production process and postharvest handling. However, in topics such as phytochemistry, nutraceutical uses, and applications in different pharmacological areas, important research contributions have been constructed in several countries.