Microplastic (MPs) Nanoplastics Dietary exposure
Dietary Exposure
Evidence of MPs in human stool confirms their ingestion through diet.14 MNPs are primarily found in food, drinking water and plastic food packaging,15 with varied exposure levels depending on age, sex, diet and lifestyle.
Wildlife species also
ingest MNPs (Micro and nano plastics)
, entering the food chain and our diets,16,17 posing a significant threat to food safety. Due to the presence of MPs in aquatic environments, it has been detected in different types of seafood.18, 19, 20, 21 Consumption of the whole soft tissue of bivalves is a source of human exposure to MPs,22,23 although low levels are found in
farmed bivalves ,
from Germany (0.36 particles/g), France, Belgium and the Netherlands (0.2 particles/g).22,24
In Canada, 500-fold higher levels of MPs were observed in the same type of bivalves, indicating that the levels of MPs may vary by geography as well as extraction methods.25
A UK study predicted consumers' ingestion of 70 microplastic items in 100 g processed mussels.26
Table salt (1–10 MPs/kg) is another source of MPs exposure.27
MPs particles have also been detected in zooplanktonic organisms,28,29
suggesting MP could enter the food chain.
Processed foods such as bottled water and milk are vulnerable to MPs introduced during processing and packaging, but their risk is unclear.30
In addition, MNPs in our diet can be deposited from the air, mainly indoors.31
MP particles that were commonly detected in foodstuffs and the environment are comprised of polyethene-terephthalate (PET), polyethene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyester (PES), polyurethane (PU), polyamide (PA), styrene acrylate and polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA).16,32
Ref
2023 Dec 6;99:104901. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104901
The potential impacts of micro-and-nano plastics on various organ systems in humans
Nurshad Ali a,b,∗, Jenny Katsouli a, Emma L Marczylo c,d, Timothy W Gant c,d, Stephanie Wright c, Jorge Bernardino de la Serna a,∗
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