Human Body is compsed of 100 Trillion cells .The number of cells if compaired to number of brics required for a 150 storied tower the number is negligible to 100 Trillion .
One Trillion means 10000000000000 from this number we get an idea of complexity of body functioning.
One Trillion means 10000000000000 from this number we get an idea of complexity of body functioning.
Every cell is having at it's centre nucleus .
If nucleus is alive then cell is alive .Nucleus is like central government .Inside nucleus there are chromosomes these chrosomes are colourless .
Flaming Scientist stained chromosomes in 1880.
Chromosomes are sites for chain of genes .
What is DNA ?
Every body knows because of TV serial like
CID .
True parents could be identified by DNA
Study.
DNA carries heriditary traits .Parents give us set of chromosomes
Human chromosome number is even as each parent contributes one set of chromosome
Mother contributes 23 chromosomes
And father contributes 23 chromosomes so that each human cell contents 46 chromosomes.
First 22 pair of chrmosomes do not contribute sex
Last 23rd pair contains sex chromosome
if XX means female and X Y means male .
DNA carries thread of Gene .DNA structure is like spiral staircase
Each stem of step isade up of two letters either A with T or C with G
What is A it's an adenine T is Thyamine A is always associated with T .
G means Guanine and C means Cytosine ,remember G always associated with C
DNA code language message passes via these four letters ATGC
How many genes are there in a human body ?
The total number of genes present or located on 46 chromosomes
Genomic project started in 1989 and completed in 2003
The cost of genomic project was huge 6400million dollars spent .1000 scientist worked.
Genomic discovery resulted in finding out toatal 30000 genes in entire human genes.
Total 6400 millions pair bases AT and CG were recorded in entire human genome .
Surprisingly 99.7 %of pair bases we're alike to any person in the world .It means only
0.30% pair bases are different which is contributing difference of color height and many
Differences among us
What is pharmaco genomics ? The study of genomic response to each drug .Although the drug is same the disease is same indication is same standard dose is used is also correct
Results may vary from good or the drug may not work
Or drug may be toxic .why this happens ? It is because of alter pharmacodynamics due
To individual genomic contributed by parents
Let us know what is the jorney of the drug in our body
1) entry
2)The drug travels in our body through a check post imp
Liver here the drug interacts with specific enzymes from P450 a cluster of enzymes
These enzymes changed according to genomic set up
Some enzymes due to mutational changes in genomic set up either do not work or may produce toxic by products.This alteration occurs due to non performing or harmful effect of Gene
3) after metabolism as discussed above goes on to next step
4)Drug waste is excreated
Pharmacogenomics : Clopidogrel ,this drug avoids platelets aggregation
. Cyp2c19 is cytochrome enzyme requried for the metabolism of Clopidogrel
If cyp2c19 cytochrome enzyme is altered due to genomic changes in patient
The desired effect is not achieved or mild effect or toxic effect may be achieved due to genetic mutation by genome
To know that drug will not show desired effect specific genomic test should be carried out which will cost 1000 us dollars.
Such testing is ideal for anti cancer drugs where the toxicity profile is high and patient need .
Not suffer
DNA carries thread of Gene .DNA structure is like spiral staircase
Each stem of step isade up of two letters either A with T or C with G
What is A it's an adenine T is Thyamine A is always associated with T .
G means Guanine and C means Cytosine ,remember G always associated with C
DNA code language message passes via these four letters ATGC
How many genes are there in a human body ?
The total number of genes present or located on 46 chromosomes
Genomic project started in 1989 and completed in 2003
The cost of genomic project was huge 6400million dollars spent .1000 scientist worked.
Genomic discovery resulted in finding out toatal 30000 genes in entire human genes.
Total 6400 millions pair bases AT and CG were recorded in entire human genome .
Surprisingly 99.7 %of pair bases we're alike to any person in the world .It means only
0.30% pair bases are different which is contributing difference of color height and many
Differences among us
What is pharmaco genomics ? The study of genomic response to each drug .Although the drug is same the disease is same indication is same standard dose is used is also correct
Results may vary from good or the drug may not work
Or drug may be toxic .why this happens ? It is because of alter pharmacodynamics due
To individual genomic contributed by parents
Let us know what is the jorney of the drug in our body
1) entry
2)The drug travels in our body through a check post imp
Liver here the drug interacts with specific enzymes from P450 a cluster of enzymes
These enzymes changed according to genomic set up
Some enzymes due to mutational changes in genomic set up either do not work or may produce toxic by products.This alteration occurs due to non performing or harmful effect of Gene
3) after metabolism as discussed above goes on to next step
4)Drug waste is excreated
Pharmacogenomics : Clopidogrel ,this drug avoids platelets aggregation
. Cyp2c19 is cytochrome enzyme requried for the metabolism of Clopidogrel
If cyp2c19 cytochrome enzyme is altered due to genomic changes in patient
The desired effect is not achieved or mild effect or toxic effect may be achieved due to genetic mutation by genome
To know that drug will not show desired effect specific genomic test should be carried out which will cost 1000 us dollars.
Such testing is ideal for anti cancer drugs where the toxicity profile is high and patient need .
Not suffer
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