Tumour Markers
Cancer is an abnormal growth that originates within human body and although there are
different types of cancer but all share hallmark of characteristic that unchecked growth
different types of cancer but all share hallmark of characteristic that unchecked growth
Progress to a limitless expansion.
Cancer grows and expands and spreads by metastasis ie some cells detached from primary tumour spreads into the even at times distant organs and establishess secondaries .
Tumor Markers required to understands the growth as we use to record the fever using thermometer , blood sugar to monitor diabetes
Ideal tumour marker :
Be specific for the tumour
Level should change in response to tumour size
An abnormal level in response to micro metastasis
Both sensitivity and specificity required
It should help in diagnosis and prognosis
So we can say an ideal tumour marker should be specific and sensitive.
Sensitive tumour marker value should increase even if micrometastasis grows
1) CEA : tumour marker called carcino embryonic antigent
Cancer is back ward process so cea increases in cancer
This test is non specific and non sensitive
Abnormal readings are seen in smokers cirrhosis
Ulcerative colitis hence first diagnosis is required and then Monitoring possible for breast cancer pulmonary cancer and colorectal cancer
2) CA--125 notice in 50percent early overian patients
CA-125 increases in appendicitis, pregnancy and ovarian cyst
The CA-125 lacks sensitivity and specificity.
This test is useful in monitoring ovarian cancer recurrence
and treatment .
3)
Ca15--3 :Not specific or sensitive enough to detect early breast cancer .
Low value of CA15 --3 did not rule a carcinoma,an elevated value ,greAter than 35
Units /ml suggested malignancy .
As a rule CA-15 should be used after the diagnosis of breast cancer .
CA15-3 elevation may be due to ling ovarian liver and colorectal
Cancer.
4) PSA (Prostate SPECIFIC ANTIGEN :
Elevated in high Prostate cancer ,in benign prostate ,hypertrophy and
Prostatits
Monitor recurrence and response to treatment
Cancer grows and expands and spreads by metastasis ie some cells detached from primary tumour spreads into the even at times distant organs and establishess secondaries .
Tumor Markers required to understands the growth as we use to record the fever using thermometer , blood sugar to monitor diabetes
Ideal tumour marker :
Be specific for the tumour
Level should change in response to tumour size
An abnormal level in response to micro metastasis
Both sensitivity and specificity required
It should help in diagnosis and prognosis
So we can say an ideal tumour marker should be specific and sensitive.
Sensitive tumour marker value should increase even if micrometastasis grows
1) CEA : tumour marker called carcino embryonic antigent
Cancer is back ward process so cea increases in cancer
This test is non specific and non sensitive
Abnormal readings are seen in smokers cirrhosis
Ulcerative colitis hence first diagnosis is required and then Monitoring possible for breast cancer pulmonary cancer and colorectal cancer
2) CA--125 notice in 50percent early overian patients
CA-125 increases in appendicitis, pregnancy and ovarian cyst
The CA-125 lacks sensitivity and specificity.
This test is useful in monitoring ovarian cancer recurrence
and treatment .
3)
Ca15--3 :Not specific or sensitive enough to detect early breast cancer .
Low value of CA15 --3 did not rule a carcinoma,an elevated value ,greAter than 35
Units /ml suggested malignancy .
As a rule CA-15 should be used after the diagnosis of breast cancer .
CA15-3 elevation may be due to ling ovarian liver and colorectal
Cancer.
4) PSA (Prostate SPECIFIC ANTIGEN :
Elevated in high Prostate cancer ,in benign prostate ,hypertrophy and
Prostatits
Monitor recurrence and response to treatment
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