Malaria

Malaria caused by mosquitoes is incorrect .

It is host for parasite.

So mosquito is host for malarial parasite.

Malarial parasite a protozoan Plasmodium

Vivax. P. falciparm. P.ovale

This parasite needs two hosts mosquito

And humans .

Plasmodium vivax is the most geographically

Wide spread human malaria parasite.

Global malaria efforts have been less 

Successful at reducing the burden of P.vivax

Compare to p.falciparum.

          P.vivax is now the dominant malaria

Parasite through out the Asia --Pacific and

America causing up to 14million clinical

Cases every year and is considered a

Major obstacle to malaria elimination.

Key features Circumventing  existing 

Malaria control tools are the transmissibility

Of asymptomatic ,low density circulating

Infections and reservoirs of persistent 

dormant  liver stages (hypnozoites)

That are unreachable but reactive to cause

replacing infections and sustain transmission.

      In tropical regions the risk of early

relapses is high greater than 80 %

With subsequent relapses occurring every

3-4 weeks .In temperate regions and some

Subtropical areas the risk of relapse is lower

With longer incubation or latency periods 

Between the initial illness and relapse,

Lasting 8--12.onths.

Concluding Remarks 

For the past two decades the  focus

Of malaria control and elimination has

been on early diagnosis , treatment,and

Vector control .P.vivax the key challange

In achieving in elimination ,is not only

better diagnosis (Parasite and G6PD)

G6PD and effective radical cure of people

acutely slick with malaria ,but is the 

Effective treatment of all people who are

Chronically infected and  infectious to

. Mosquitoes ,whether acutely asymptomatic

Or not with P.vivax the dominant malaria

In 31 countries and  disproportionate 

burden of P.vivax  being experienced 

by rural populations.

Field deployable tools and community

Based public health strategies that are

Safe , acceptable and feasible to implement

are required to target hidden reservoirs .

  

  Ref Parasitology International

         Vol 87,April 2022 ,   102526

        Fiona Angrisano ,Leanne Robinson