Memory Loss , Cognitive
Decline
Dementia
The WHO has estimated that over 46million
People world wide are living with dementia
and this number will increase to 74 million
By 2030.
Dementia is a syndrome (It means complex
Of symptoms and physical findings) hence mere
Loss of memory is not the only meaning of dementia.Let us
Learn more information about dementia.
Dementia is progressive nature and leads to decline in cognitive abilities . In the early stages of the disease people with dementia
May experience difficulties undertaking
routine tasks such as driving shopping and
Managing their finances .
As the disease progresses there may also
Be difficulties with self care bathing eating and communication.
Dementia affects memory thinking behavior
And the ability to perform every day activities
Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized
By progressive deterioration in cognitive ability and capacity for independent living and functioning .
The strongest evidence for possible causal association with dementia was for low education in early life hypertension in mid life and smoking and diabetes accross the life course.
Depression is part of dementia syndrome.
BPSD :Behavioral Psychological
Symptoms of Dementia
BPSD is a group of heterogenous
Symptoms that arise in the course
Of dementia are distressing.
BPSD affect up to 90% of patients
With dementia.
BPSD :Many Different Behaviors
1 Screeming
2 Restlessness
3 Repetitive Questioning
4 wandering
5 Cognitive decline
6 Patients behaviour is harmful
To him or her or other persons
The incidence of dementia progressively
Increases with age.
76% of institutionalised people with dementia
Needed to be fed.
Patient refused food .
Food may be choked ,liquid or solid food.
Factors For Dementia
Non modifiable : 1 Sex
2 Age
3 Genetics
Modifiable
1. Lower education
2 Hearing loss
3 Hypertension
4 Obesity
5 Smoking
6 Depression
7 physical inactivity
8 Social Isolation
9 Diabetes
According to Scotland studies children with
Higher IQ at the age of 11years had less chance of developing dementia in their 70s .
Cognitive decline appear greatest in individuals with severe hearing loss who do not use hearing aid.
A recent meta analysis demonstrated that
Cognitively normal individuals with hearing
Loss were at greater risk of developing dementia.
Smoking cessation decreses the risk of dementia to that never smokers.
Physical activity :
Meta analysis of 16 prospective studies found that higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower risk of dementia .
Social Isolation :
Is a risk factor for hypertension coronary
Heart Disease and depression all of which
have been established risk for cognitive
decline.
Low social participation :
Less frequent social social contact
and more loneliness were associated
With incident dementia.
Air pollution :
There is plausible links between
Air pollution and increased risk of
Dementia.
Moderate evidence for air pollution
Exposure being related to dementia
Risk particularly nitrogen oxides particulate
Matter and Ozone
Ref
1 Archives of Internal Medicine 2018 :128(5) 310-
Philip W Tipton et al
2 BMC Geriatrics 2016 :16:175
Lewis O .J Killin et al
3 Journal of Alzheimers Disease
70 (2019) S145--163
Ruth Peters et al
4 Alzheimer's Research and Therapy
2016 :8:23
Martin Prince et al
5 Alzheimer's Research Therapy
2019 : 11:1
Jurgen Rehm et al
6. BMC Health Services Research
2016:16 :285
Dianne Hemant et al
7 BMC Geriatrics 2016 : 16:26
Asmaa Abdelhamid et al
8 Bio Med Research International
Volume 2015 Article Id 218980
Alexandra Martini deOliveria et al
