Insulin producing Beta Cell &Aging

 Insulin Producing 

Beta cell &Aging

Let us know story of pancreas as reported

In my earlier blog 

Pancreas is a like factory working day and night

 on task for insulin need base production

Ref Jan 30 2020 

drsgv.bloger.com

Story of pancreas: 

Endocrine story of pancreas ,endocrine secreation is through ductless gland

Pancreas is the only gland which has both endocrine and exocrine function digestive enzymes  produced.Through ducts .

Pancreas is digestive gland weight about half a pound located just below and behind stomach  . The pancreas shows lobular structure . Endocrine group of cells called islet of

Langerhans . The islet of Langgerhans make about 1% of pancreas . Normal pancreas has 1000000 islets of Langerhans and each islet has 80 - 100 beta cells . These cells can measure the blood glucose every 10 seconds ,within minutes to minute and half the beta cells  can deliver the exact amount of insulin needed to keep blood glucose levels normal .

Alpha cells produce glucagon hormone

Which converts glycogen to glucose

When hypoglycemic condition exists

 .Delta cell to carry message between insulin and gluucogon.

The Role of Insulin : 

The carbohydrate in our food are digested in the intestine the end products of carbohydrates are various sugars chiefly glucose . This glucose is absorbed through the mucous membrane of intestine to enter blood stream .Thus concentration of glucose in blood rises .Insulin makes this glucose available to each and every cell of our body .Like visa gives entry to foreigner to entry in foreign country.If insulin is inadequate or absent the glucose in blood  cannot enter various body cells or cannot be converted in to glycogen  after certain limit then consequently blood glucose rises. Diabetes is the final result.

Now after reading above real story

Let us know more about diabetes and

Beta cells 

  Ref1    Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic

Disease characterized by hyperglycemia

Which results from defects of insulin 

Secreation, insulin action or both.

 

As we know insulin is secreated by Beta cells

is the only  Hypoglycemic hormone in the body

Beta cells ,are pivotal for glucose and lipid

Metabolism in the whole body.

Beta cell mass loss or function failure

Would profoundly contribute to Diabetes

Mellitus.

Aging : is characterised by gradual 

Functional decline of organs.

It is a major risk factor for diabetes.

Long term exposure to hyperglycemia

And hyperlipidemia results in glucotoxicity

And lipotoxicity in beta cells

Which lead to the gradual deterioration 

Of their function and loss of beta cell mass

And aggravation of diabetic state. 

With age the replicative ability of most 

Organs and tissues decreases including 

Pancreatic islets beta cell replication.

Glucotoxicity  lipo toxicity  and islet amyloid

Polypeptide are the primary causative 

Factors for increased beta cells apoptosis

In Type 2 Diabetes.

Apoptosis : is a process where cells

 get rid of which are unneeded or

Abnormal.

Beta cell Apoptosis is predominately

Responsive for Beta cell loss in the 

Progression of Type 2 Diabetes.

Ref 1  Aging  (Albany NY )  2021 :Mar 15

        13(5):7691---7706

      Min  Zhu

       Xiaohong Liu

       Wen Lu

       Yanrong Lu

       Jingqiu Cheng

      And Yonan Chen