Free sugar Impact On Health

Non communicable Diseases are chronic and largely preventable 

Conditions.Such as Diabetes,Heart Disease ,cancer,and 

mental health disorder.

  NCDs account for around 74% of deaths globally and

Place an enormous financial burden on health care

Services and house holds.

    Lifestyle factors such as weight diet physical activity of

and substance use are major contributing factors to the 

Burden of preventable disease . Obesity is an increasing

Global health concern occuring in13%of world's 

Population and is concern a major risk factor for

NCDs.

     Impact of sugar consumption on human health

Have been ongoing since the mid 20th century.

      Excessive sugar consumption has been implicated

In obesity, metabolic disorders , diabetes ,cancer 

(Depression and cognitive impairment.  )       

     By  1980 the sugar hypothesis had been eclipsed

  by the more popular fat theory ,and a wave of low fat

guidelines and food alternatives swept the the globe

For the four decades.

     The Framingham Heart study (a cohort study of over

14000 people from three generations that started in 1948)brought attention of sugar as a Major factor

Back into the public eye.This study found frequent

Consumers of  sugar sweetened beverages,,(SSB,)had significantly increased Liver fat and disbiosis.

(Decreased High density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased triglycerides and cholesterol levels.)

  Trnds in sugar consumption: The association of fats

With cardiovascular disease and obesity mid-to late 20th century led to reduction

In fat consumption and increase in carbohydrates and refined sugars Higher fructose 

Corn syrup  accounted for lesss than 1%. Of caloric sweetners in 1970s.but increased to 42%by 2000

Estimated total sugar intake between      1977 to1998 increased 

 from 235to318. kcal  per

 day .

According to food availability data ,added sugars and sweetners reach a peak

Over 69kg per person per year inUSA in 1998.

These changes in diet coincided with dramatic rise in obesity , diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Diabetes:whether sugar consumption is a unique cause or contributor to diabetes 

Is another contested issue.However the majority of research conducted has found 

a positive association between sugars particularly fructose and SSB consumption 

And risk of Type 2diabetes .

 

            Several animal and human studies have observed impaired 

Insulin signalling nd increased fasting glucose and  insulin resulting from SSB consumption particularly evident in women but not always observed in male 0Cohort.

Ref Nutrients 2023 Feb 10 :15(4):889 doi 10.3390/nu15040889

       Kerri M Gillspie

       Eva Kemps

        Melanie J  White 

       Selena E Bartlett

     How To Read a Book?

Problem about understanding a book when it is not  written

In your mother tongue.

First you read as rapid reading just to know the difficult words 

Get meaning of each word write it down say for 25 pages

Then the difficult words dictionary is ready for your understanding.

Second round of reading is easy your self made dictionary 

Will help you read slowly.

But this is not the end of the story

Suppose you read economics or any other subjects

Which is not your speciality then you should try to understand 

Terms such  as GDP degroth demand supply

This will required time you need to make glossary

There is possibility you may come across number of new terms require to

Understand GDP.

Last but not the least no body can help you to make list for difficult 

Words as it is your need you should make efforts.

You should have target for finishing reading at least 25 pages a day

Should be your target.

Never read the meaning of a new word and start reading till 

second difficult word this is boring.

First round rapid mechanical round search difficult word from say25 

Pages.

Best Luck.

    Pollution ---Poldokhtar (Iran)

 I)Poldokhtar  which is considered to be 

One of the most polluted cities in the world.

II) Due to exposure to PM2.5 particles 

          ,the residents of Poldokhtar 

Suffered  from cardiovascular disease

, respiratory diseases and stroke.

III)The origin of PM 2.5in Poldokhtar 

City was as dust flows from dry and semi airid

Regions of Iraq ,Saudi Arabia,and Egypt.

Asia  is significant contributor of particulate 

Matter on the vast scale mostly because of the 

Rapid economic growth of developing nations

Like China  and India as well as extensive deserts.    

 WHO  stated that human related air pollution is responsible for

4 to8% of global, annual  studies have shown

That PM2.5  and gaseous pollutants  have direct correlation 

With higher rates of hospitalization and deaths caused  by 

Respiratory and cardiovascular ailments in large cities of Iran.

The main sources of PM are anthropogenic resulting from

Road traffic,the combustion process transportation power stations ,heating plants and industrial operations .

PM catogorized on its dimensions which is directly correlated with

How deep it may reach   in lungs  smaller  particles may reach 

deeper  .PM (2.5) refers to a type of pollutant that is made of

Tiny particles having a diameter of2.5micrometers in diameter 

That can move through the air.

1)In Iran biggest towns deaths and hospitalization

 from respiratory 

And cardiovascular diseases have strong association with PM2.5

Pollution concentration.

2)The WHO recommends assesing the air quality and health

Evaluation approach.

AQI means air quality index daily report ,how clean 

Or polluted the air.

Five major air pollutant

Are consider in AQI calculation 

1ground level ozone

2 Particle pollution

3 carbon dioxide 

4 sulphur Dioxide 

5nitrogen dioxidee

PM particulate matter :A complex mixture of solid

and liquid particles suspended in the air

PM 2.5 

2.5 micron or smaller in diameter

AQI  levels 

Good 0to50

Moderate 51-100

Unhealthy 101 to 150 for sensitive group 

Unhealthy 151 to 200

Very unhealthy 201-300

Hazardous 301- and higher 

Study of Poldokhtar

Results  indicated that in terms of mean AQI

May 162.46

July 121.7

April 110.23

Are most polluted months in Poldokhtar city in year 2022

May 16 days

July 6days

March 5days

April 4 days

Are the most contaminated months of   the total number of

Polluted days. highest amounts of pollution 

In terms of daily mean AQI

Are

May 17th. (407 AQI)

April 10th(402 AQI)

May24th (393 AQI)

July 31st(351 AQI)

Apri l18th (341 AQI)

  The map extracted  from HYSPLIT

Showed the origin of the dust airid and

Semi-arid regions of Saudi Arabia .

Egypt Kuwait and Turkey.

Hospitalized People who had respiratory diseases 

Were most severly impacted by the short-term adverse 

effects of fine dust inhalation.

Ref  Toxicology Reports vol  13 Dec 2024,101770

    Baharam Kamarehei

    Majid Farhadi

    Mohammad sabzehzari

    Arfesh Sepahvand

 

 

  जोडलेली साखर ----पार्किन्सन्स रोग

      जोडलेली साखर  यात साखर सुक्रोज ग्लुकोज fructose यांचा

सांमवेश असतो 

पार्किन्सन्स रोग न्यूरोडीजनरेटिव्ह ,असून वेगाने वाढत आहे  

हा विकार

  युरोपमध्ये( PD असे ही सक्षिप्त नाव आहे) 108-257/100000/वर्षात आढळतात

108-257दर वर्षी 1000000मध्ये आढळते

वृद्ध प्रौढांमध्ये पीडीचे प्रमाण जागतिक पातळीवर वाढत आहे

   बहुतेक प्रकरणांमध्ये अनुवांशिक घटक  शिवाय महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका बजावतात

जसे

-जनुकीय घटक  सोडून जसे की डेअरी उत्पादन वापर 

धूम्रपान कॅफीन सेवन आणि शारीरिक क्रियाकलाप संभाव्य म्हणून 

प्रभाव पाडतो 

पीडीच्या विकासावर 

  अलीकडील मोठ्या प्रमाणातील संभाव्य समूह अभ्यास  केला तोलक्षात घेण्यासारखे आहे

परिणाम: अभ्यासात 12485 समाविष्ट आहेत

यात सहभागी 100 पी.डी

डेटाचे आधारे असे लक्षात आले की136959 सहभागींचे प्रतिनिधित्व केले आहे

अभ्यासामध्ये जोडलेल्या दरम्यान सकारात्मक संबंध समाविष्ट आहे

साखरेचे सेवन आणि पीडीचा प्रसार.

हा अभ्यास

जोडलेल्या साखरेचे सेवन आणि विविध यांच्यातील संबंधास समर्थन दिले 

आरोग्यावर प्रतिकूल परिणाम होतो.  हृदय व रक्तवाहिन्यासंबंधी रोग प्रेरण

हाताची पकड ताकद कमी होणे आणि वजन वाढणे.

    पीडी रूग्णांमध्ये सामान्यतः साखर जोडलेली असताना

आणि साखरेचा वापर वाढण्याशी संबंधित आहे

जीवनाचा दर्जा कमी होणे, बद्धकोष्ठतेची तीव्रता वाढणे आणि दैनंदिन अशा गैर-मोटर लक्षणांमध्ये वाढ

लेवोडोपाची उच्च आवश्यकता.

    तथापि, क्लिनिकल पुरावे यांच्यातील संबंध थेट स्पष्ट करतात 

जोडलेली साखर आणि पीडी मर्यादित आहे..

    नुकत्याच पाहणीत WHO मार्गदर्शक तत्त्वांनी टाळण्याची शिफारस केली आहे

   वजन नियंत्रणासाठी साखर नसलेले (कमी कॅलरी आणि कॅलरी नसलेले) वापरणे.

निष्कर्ष: हे परिणाम यांच्यातील सकारात्मक संबंध हायलाइट करतात 

जास्त मद्यपान करणाऱ्यांमध्ये साखरेचे सेवन आणि प्रचलितता आणि

मधुमेह असलेल्या व्यक्ती.

कृपया तुमच्या डॉक्टरांचा सल्ला घ्या 

Ref Arch of Public Health 2024 Nov26 :82:225

Xuehua Cheng

Tao Wu

Li Han 

Tong Sun 

Guoxin Huang

झ्यूहुआ चेंग

ताओ वू

ली हान 

टोंग सूर्य 

गुओक्सिन हुआंग

 

 Added Sugar ----Parkinsons Disease

Parkinson's Disease is rapidly progressing neurodegenerative 

Disorder

 In Europe prevalence rate of PD 108-257/100000 /year

In global incedence of PD is rising being more in older adults

And men.

  In most cases  non genetic factors play a significant role

Non -genitic factors such as dairy production consumption 

Smoking caffeine intake and physical activity as potential 

Influences 

On development of PD 

 It is worth noting the recent large-scale prospective cohort study

Results : The study included 12485

Participants of which 100 PD

When weighted the data represented136959 participants.

The study included a positive association between added

Sugar intake and the prevalence of PD.

This study

Supported the association between added sugar intake and various 

Adverse health out comes . Induction of cardiovascular diseases

a reduction in hand grip strength and weight gain.

   Mean while added sugar common among PD patients

And increased sugar consumption is associated with

An increased in non motor symptoms including  reduced quality of life , increased severity of constipation and daily

Higher requirement of levodopa.

   However clinical evidence directly revaling the relation between 

Added sugar and PD is limited..

   The latest WHO guidelines recommended avoiding the

  Use of non-sugar(low calorie and no calorie) for weight control.

Conclusion: These results highlight a positive association between 

added Sugar intake and prevalence among heavy drinkers and

Individuals with diabetes.

Please consult your Doctor 

Ref Arch of Public Health 2024 Nov26 :82:225

Xuehua Cheng

Tao Wu

Li Han 

Tong Sun 

Guoxin Huang

Parkinsons Disease ---Added sugar

 Added Sugar ----Parkinsons Disease

Parkinson's Disease is rapidly progressing neurodegenerative 

Disorder

 In Europe prevalence rate of PD 108-257/100000 /year

In global incedence of PD is rising being more in older adults

And men.

  In most cases  non genetic factors play a significant role

Non -genitic factors such as dairy production consumption 

Smoking caffeine intake and physical activity as potential 

Influences 

On development of PD 

 It is worth noting the recent large-scale prospective cohort study

Results : The study included 12485

Participants of which 100 PD

When weighted the data represented136959 participants.

The study included a positive association between added

Sugar intake and the prevalence of PD.

This study

Supported the association between added sugar intake and various 

Adverse health out comes . Induction of cardiovascular diseases

a reduction in hand grip strength and weight gain.

   Mean while added sugar common among PD patients

And increased sugar consumption is associated with

An increased in non motor symptoms including  reduced quality of life , increased severity of constipation and daily

Higher requirement of levodopa.

   However clinical evidence directly revaling the relation between 

Added sugar and PD is limited..

   The latest WHO guidelines recommended avoiding the

  Use of non-sugar(low calorie and no calorie) for weight control.

Conclusion: These results highlight a positive association between 

added Sugar intake and prevalence among heavy drinkers and

Individuals with diabetes.

Please consult your Doctor 

Ref Arch of Public Health 2024 Nov26 :82:225

Xuehua Cheng

Tao Wu

Li Han 

Tong Sun 

Guoxin Huang

डायबिटीस आणि आहारात फणसाचे पीठ

 फणसाच्या फळाचे पीठ मधुमेहात

डायबेटिस जर उपचारा शिवाय राहिला तर रक्तातील साखर प्रमाण बाहेर वाढते यास

शस्त्रीय परिभाषेत Hyperglycemia असे नाव आहे.

असा रिपोर्ट आहे की 2030 साली भारतात मधुमेही 10कोटी होतील.

मधुमेहात अहरा तून उपचार करता येतो.

फणासा चे लॅटिन नाव Atrocarpus hetrophyllus आहे

फणस मलबेरी कुटुंबातील आहे यास लॅटिन नाव Moraceae आहे.

फणस खूप फायबर, पिष्टमय, vitamins 

आणि खनिज युक्त आहे.

मधुमेहात फणसाचा उपोयोग दिसून आला आहे हे प्रयोगा ने दर्शविले आहे

हे प्रयोग in vitro ,in,vivo झालेत याचा अर्थ शरीरा बाहेर आणि शरीरात ही.

 फणसाचा मोसम आल्या वर मधुमेहाची औषधाची मागणी केरळ मध्ये घटते.

 आता आपण वैद्यकीय मासिकातील फणस आणि मधुमेह ह्याचा ressearch 

विषयी जाणून घेऊ या

रुग्ण जे मधुमेही आहेत त्यांचे दोन गट केले ते  Randomized double blind

Placebo. Controled या पद्धतीत अभ्यास केला

रुग्ण पुरुष, स्त्रियां होत्या

वय 18 ते 60. होते

ते मधुमेहाने. एक वर्षांहून अधिक काळ आजारी होते उपचार गोळी चां घेत

(Anti hyperglycemic )

                        गट 1

यातील रुग्णांना  कच्या फणसाच्या फळाचे पीठ रोज तीस ग्रॅम  असे

12आठवडे दिले त्यांची  नेहमीचीऔषधे चालूच होती.

                    गट2

यां रुग्णांना नेहमीची औषधी चालू होती

पण यांना त्यांच्या जेवणात तांदूळ किंवा गहू पीठ 30ग्रॅम रोज असे 12आठवडे दिले

पाहणीत असे कळले की गट 1 मधील रुग्णात FpG ,PPG,ani HbA1c या परीक्षेत

रक्ताची पातळी सकाळची अनुष्या पोटी आणि जेवल्यानातरची आणि. HbA1c यात 

 पातळी त घट झाली

गट 2,शी तुलना करता.

हा फरक येण्याचे कारण

 कच्या फळातील फणसाच्या  पिठात 25% कॅलरीज कमी

             33%पिष्टमय कमी

आणि फायबर 57%टक्के अधिक तांदळाच्या किंवा गहू पिठाच्या तुलनेत.

डॉक्टरी सलल्याने कोणताही बदल करावा

Ref  Nutr Diabetes 2021  Jun 14 :11:18

        A.Gopal Rao 

        K Sunil Naik 

        A.G.Unikrishnan

       James Joseph 

         

    

Jack Fruit Flour In Diabetes

 Green JackFruit InDiabetes

   Type 2 Diabetes is chronic metabolic disorder

    and if untreated leads to uncontrolled hyperglycemia.

       It is reported that nearly 100million people in India would

  Be affected by the disease by2030.

       Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT)

     is considered important aproach to alleviate and treat diabetes.

Antidiabetic medication along with MNT plays a synergistic role in the 

management of blood glucose level.

Atrocarpus hetrophyllus commonly known as Jack Fruit ,belongs to mulberry family

(Moraceae)  It is rich indietary fiber , carbohydrates ,vitamins and minerals.

   The antidiabetic e ffect of Jack Fruit has been reported in several 

In vitro and in vivo studies.

    Kerala demonstrated a reduction in the demand for anti diabetic

Medication during Jack Fruit season.

       The study was randomized double  blind placebo controlled 

Study .

Patients were either sex

Age > or equal to18 to Less than or =60

Diabetes Type 2 for more than one year

Receving oral anti hyperglycemia agents

Randomized 

Group  A

Jack Fruit flour 30grams/day

For 120weeks

Group B Placebo 

Replacing 

Flour equal volume

Of rice or wheat flour

For 12weeks

Results

Patients from Group A  

Had a significantly higher reduction in HbA1c, FPG andPPG

Than group.

 Group A demonstrating the efficiency of Jack Fruit flour in glycemic control as

Medical Nutrition Therapy replacing hear flour.

Discussion :

The Amercan Diabetic Association  2019 recommends patients with type 2diabetes

Should consume a lower number of calories and carbohydrates and higher amount 

Dietary fibers to improve glycemic control

 In present study Jack Fruit flour was used

Composition 

25%lower calories  33% lowercarbohydrates  57%more

Fiber in comparison to Placebo flour

Suggesting that green Jack Fruit flour may be a  promising intervention to improve 

Glycemic .

Control as replacement to rice or wheat flour.

The key findings suggest an equal volume of rice or wheat flour in daily  meals

With Jack Fruit  Flour is significantly effective at loweing the plasma glucose level 

In patients type 2diabetes .

The mean reduction in HbA1c at week 12 was significantly higher in patients 

Supplementer with Jack Fruit flour while in patients supplemented with placebo.

Flour reported slight increase in HbA1c at 120week.

p=0.006

Similarly the mean FPG levels was significantly lower in patients supplemented with

Jack Fruit flour at week week 12 (p=0.001,)

Placebo flour means rice or wheat flour

Take your doctor s advice

Ref  Nutrition Diabetes 2021 Jun14 :11:18

A.Gopal Rao 

K.Sunil Naik 

A.G.Unikrishnan

James Joseph

 

.

 Coffee In Parkinson's Disease 

Coffee 

Parkinson's disease is recognised as the second most common neuro

Degenerative

Disease of aging after Alzheimer's disease

Parkinson's disease is characterized  by the progressive 

Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the 

mid brain.

  The resulting lack of dopamine motor control areas of the

  Brain leads to the characteristic manifestations of tremor 

Rigigdity bradykinesis and postural instability.

        Many epidemiological studies have associated 

Coffee consumption with a reduced Parkinson's 

Diseases risk.but the molecular mechanism remain

Unclear .

12 active compounds in coffee associated with 47PD related

Targets.

     Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed

Beverages world wide and it's consumption  has

Been negatively correlated with the risk of several chronic 

Diseases diabetes, cardiovascular disease,neurodegenerative 

Disorders.

Coffee consumption has also consistently been associated with

reduced risk of PD

      Increased coffee consumption significantly decreased 

PD risk risk in dose dependent manner .

   Caffeine represents the most commonly investigated 

Component among coffee s constituents and has been 

associated with neuroprotective effects ,mediated by the

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the reduction of

Reactive oxygen species production.

 Decafinated compounds may play important

roles as antioxidants such as quercetin , chlorogenic acids,

Ferulic ,kahweol,and cafestol.

Coffee beverages are typically prepared from rosted beens

Of the genus Coffea which is a flowering plant in the

Family Rubiaceae .

        The roasting process may enhance the ability of bioactive 

 Compounds in coffee.

          Approximately 2.3 Billion cups are consumed worldwide

Every day.

Conclusion 

           Coffee may play a beneficial  role against Parkinson's 

     Disease through antioxidant, neuroprotective,and

anti-inflammatory activity , mitochondrial protection

. apoptosis inhibition ,the regulation of multiple neurotransmitters

and the maintainence of BBB blood brain barrier integrity 

       Take medical advice 

Ref

Journal  of Functional Foods  87 ( 2021) 104764

Fangjun Li , Taku Hatano ,Nobutaka Hattori 

     

Coffee Intake and Longivity

    The Impact Of Coffee Intake

The conception of There consumption has undergone 

a profound modification ,evolving from noxious

Habit into a safe life style actually a preserving human health

The last 20years also provided strikingly consistent epidemiological evidence 

Showing that the regular consumption of moderate doses of coffee attenuates 

all cause mortality an effect observed in over 50 studies indifferent geographical 

regions and different ethnicities.

       Impact of Coffee intake on Longivity

Coffee is the most consumed beverage after water with

2.5 billion cups consumed every day.

   Coffee is a mixture of over 2000 potentially bioactive 

Substances with particularly high levels of chlorogenic acids

And caffeine and with other substances .Such as melanoidns,

Diterpenes and Trigoneelline.

        Several beneficial effects have been  associated to

   melanoidins Such as antioxidant ,antimicrobials , anti-inflammatory,and probiotic Activity .

          Coffee Intake and life span

    In fact epidemiological studies concur in deducing

   That regular consumption of moderate doses of coffee is

Associated is  with an increased life span.    

Conclusion    emerging from both meta-analyses

And narative reviews .

  This association was noted in over 50 different cohort analzed

In different geographical locations notably stronger associations

 are  found in Europe and Asia than in US.

Who benefits from the impact of coffee on life span?

The risk ratio linking coffee consumption and all cause mortality 

Is computed between 078and 0.94

(Means no association and values below 1 means on increasingly

Stronger inverse association) These values of risk ratio correspond

To an estimated 15,%lower likliness of dyeing during analysed

Periods to gain of 1.84years of life expectancy to coffee intake

Using Chiangs life table or 4.70-9.1%of estimated years of life 

  It is important to keep in mind hat odddds ratios are average

Values applicable to whole population studied ,where some more

Individuals benefit by drinking coffee where as others may suffer 

Deterimental effects upon coffee consumption , in accordance with

Inter individuals differences in caffeine .

    Increased life span attributed to coffee consumption is observed 

In men and women. 

   Dose dependent effects of coffee 

On life span 

Accordingly several epidemiological studies and meta studies and meta analysis

Concluded that benefits of coffee consumption on life span follow a J shaped curve

With discrete benefits afforded.

The consumption of 1cup of coffee a day , maximum  benefits afforded by 3cups

a day followed by waning of the benefits with increasing doses of coffee consumed

Daily 

Negative impact of high doses of coffee 

Intake on behavior of adults ,typified  by symptoms such as heightened anxiety

Agitation restlessness headache , insomnia and gastric distress .

Coffee intake attenuates age associated diseases .

Coffee intake preserseves the main biological mechanisms of aging

Ref Aging Research Reviews vol 102 Dec 2024 , 102581

Catia  R Lopes 

Rodrigo A  Cunha