Pollution ---Poldokhtar (Iran)

 I)Poldokhtar  which is considered to be 

One of the most polluted cities in the world.

II) Due to exposure to PM2.5 particles 

          ,the residents of Poldokhtar 

Suffered  from cardiovascular disease

, respiratory diseases and stroke.

III)The origin of PM 2.5in Poldokhtar 

City was as dust flows from dry and semi airid

Regions of Iraq ,Saudi Arabia,and Egypt.

Asia  is significant contributor of particulate 

Matter on the vast scale mostly because of the 

Rapid economic growth of developing nations

Like China  and India as well as extensive deserts.    

 WHO  stated that human related air pollution is responsible for

4 to8% of global, annual  studies have shown

That PM2.5  and gaseous pollutants  have direct correlation 

With higher rates of hospitalization and deaths caused  by 

Respiratory and cardiovascular ailments in large cities of Iran.

The main sources of PM are anthropogenic resulting from

Road traffic,the combustion process transportation power stations ,heating plants and industrial operations .

PM catogorized on its dimensions which is directly correlated with

How deep it may reach   in lungs  smaller  particles may reach 

deeper  .PM (2.5) refers to a type of pollutant that is made of

Tiny particles having a diameter of2.5micrometers in diameter 

That can move through the air.

1)In Iran biggest towns deaths and hospitalization

 from respiratory 

And cardiovascular diseases have strong association with PM2.5

Pollution concentration.

2)The WHO recommends assesing the air quality and health

Evaluation approach.

AQI means air quality index daily report ,how clean 

Or polluted the air.

Five major air pollutant

Are consider in AQI calculation 

1ground level ozone

2 Particle pollution

3 carbon dioxide 

4 sulphur Dioxide 

5nitrogen dioxidee

PM particulate matter :A complex mixture of solid

and liquid particles suspended in the air

PM 2.5 

2.5 micron or smaller in diameter

AQI  levels 

Good 0to50

Moderate 51-100

Unhealthy 101 to 150 for sensitive group 

Unhealthy 151 to 200

Very unhealthy 201-300

Hazardous 301- and higher 

Study of Poldokhtar

Results  indicated that in terms of mean AQI

May 162.46

July 121.7

April 110.23

Are most polluted months in Poldokhtar city in year 2022

May 16 days

July 6days

March 5days

April 4 days

Are the most contaminated months of   the total number of

Polluted days. highest amounts of pollution 

In terms of daily mean AQI

Are

May 17th. (407 AQI)

April 10th(402 AQI)

May24th (393 AQI)

July 31st(351 AQI)

Apri l18th (341 AQI)

  The map extracted  from HYSPLIT

Showed the origin of the dust airid and

Semi-arid regions of Saudi Arabia .

Egypt Kuwait and Turkey.

Hospitalized People who had respiratory diseases 

Were most severly impacted by the short-term adverse 

effects of fine dust inhalation.

Ref  Toxicology Reports vol  13 Dec 2024,101770

    Baharam Kamarehei

    Majid Farhadi

    Mohammad sabzehzari

    Arfesh Sepahvand