Free sugar Impact On Health

Non communicable Diseases are chronic and largely preventable 

Conditions.Such as Diabetes,Heart Disease ,cancer,and 

mental health disorder.

  NCDs account for around 74% of deaths globally and

Place an enormous financial burden on health care

Services and house holds.

    Lifestyle factors such as weight diet physical activity of

and substance use are major contributing factors to the 

Burden of preventable disease . Obesity is an increasing

Global health concern occuring in13%of world's 

Population and is concern a major risk factor for

NCDs.

     Impact of sugar consumption on human health

Have been ongoing since the mid 20th century.

      Excessive sugar consumption has been implicated

In obesity, metabolic disorders , diabetes ,cancer 

(Depression and cognitive impairment.  )       

     By  1980 the sugar hypothesis had been eclipsed

  by the more popular fat theory ,and a wave of low fat

guidelines and food alternatives swept the the globe

For the four decades.

     The Framingham Heart study (a cohort study of over

14000 people from three generations that started in 1948)brought attention of sugar as a Major factor

Back into the public eye.This study found frequent

Consumers of  sugar sweetened beverages,,(SSB,)had significantly increased Liver fat and disbiosis.

(Decreased High density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased triglycerides and cholesterol levels.)

  Trnds in sugar consumption: The association of fats

With cardiovascular disease and obesity mid-to late 20th century led to reduction

In fat consumption and increase in carbohydrates and refined sugars Higher fructose 

Corn syrup  accounted for lesss than 1%. Of caloric sweetners in 1970s.but increased to 42%by 2000

Estimated total sugar intake between      1977 to1998 increased 

 from 235to318. kcal  per

 day .

According to food availability data ,added sugars and sweetners reach a peak

Over 69kg per person per year inUSA in 1998.

These changes in diet coincided with dramatic rise in obesity , diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Diabetes:whether sugar consumption is a unique cause or contributor to diabetes 

Is another contested issue.However the majority of research conducted has found 

a positive association between sugars particularly fructose and SSB consumption 

And risk of Type 2diabetes .

 

            Several animal and human studies have observed impaired 

Insulin signalling nd increased fasting glucose and  insulin resulting from SSB consumption particularly evident in women but not always observed in male 0Cohort.

Ref Nutrients 2023 Feb 10 :15(4):889 doi 10.3390/nu15040889

       Kerri M Gillspie

       Eva Kemps

        Melanie J  White 

       Selena E Bartlett