Tatiana Palotta Minari 1,*, Lúcia Helena Bonalume Tácito 2, Louise Buonalumi Tácito Yugar 3, Sílvia Elaine Ferreira-Melo 4, Carolina Freitas Manzano 1, Antônio Carlos Pires 2, Heitor Moreno 4, José Fernando Vilela-Martin 1, Luciana Neves Cosenso-Martin 2, Juan Carlos Yugar-Toledo 1
Editor: Iskandar Id Ali ris
This is supported by three lines of evidence.
First, when adhered to, medical nutrition therapy in those with type 2 diabetes can match or exceed the glycaemic control that can be achieved by glucose-lowering medication in the short term, and can be useful in maintaining control [2]
Second, the proof of principle was established in the early 2000s that, among people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia, the onset of type 2 diabetes can be delayed or prevented,
with as much as a 58% relative risk reduction, through a supported intensive lifestyle intervention including dietary changes and physical activity [3].
The real-world impact of lifestyle modification strategies has been demonstrated [4],
outside the highly controlled conditions of clinical trials,
and such a strategy has been found to be effective in the UK National Health Service (NHS) [5].
Third, it has been demonstrated that remission of type 2 diabetes can be achieved through dietary means [6], resulting in a major shift in scientific understanding of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, from a condition previously thought to be progressive and irreversible to one that can be brought under control to normal functioning.
Diabetologia. 2023 Feb 14;66(5):786–799. doi: 10.1007/s00125-023-05873-z
Embracing complexity: making sense of diet, nutrition, obesity and type 2 diabetes
Nita G Forouhi 1,✉
However, unstandardised assessment protocols associated
with non-fasting triglyceride measurement may lead to misclassification, with at-risk individuals being overlooked.
Overall, a growing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that the rise in triglycerides after a meal may be a more sensitive screening tool than fasting triglycerides for detecting disease risk and may be abnormal when other traditional risk factors (i.e. fasting triglycerides, HDL-C, glucose) are in the normal range.
J Nutr Sci. 2021 Sep 14;10:e75. doi: 10.1017/jns.2021.73
Fasting, non-fasting and postprandial triglycerides for screening cardiometabolic risk
Bryant H Keirns 1,*, Christina M Sciarrillo 1, Nicholas A Koemel 2,3, Sam R Emerson
has been reported to cause neurological
problems in some users.
In prospective studies, the offspring of mothers
who consumed diet sodas/beverages (DSB) daily during pregnancy experienced increased health problems.
We hypothesized that gestational/early-life
exposure to ≥1 DS/day (DSearly) or equivalent aspartame (ASPearly: ≥177 mg/day) increases autism risk.
The case-control Autism Tooth Fairy
Study obtained retrospective dietary recalls for DSB and aspartame consumption during pregnancy/breastfeeding from the mothers
of 235 offspring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD: cases) and 121 neurotypically developing offspring (controls)
No statistically significant associations were found in females.
Our findings contribute to the growing literature
raising concerns about potential offspring harm from maternal DSB/aspartame intake in pregnancy.
Over the past 40 years, the prevalence of diagnosed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the U.S. has dramatically risen [1],
from fewer than 0.3 per 1000 children
diagnosed with autism before 1980 [2] to 27.6 per 1000 children
diagnosed with ASD in 2020 [3].
Changes in diagnostic definitions and guidelines and increased testing availability and funding have made major
contributions to this increase in diagnosed cases;
under the added impacts of changes in
dietary, environmental, and other exposures affecting
the intrauterine environment,
ASD prevalence has reached unprecedented proportions.
prevalence among boys is almost quadruple that among
girls, and a recent study estimated that approximately 1 in 23 U.S. boys
aged 8 years or older in 2020 had been diagnosed with ASD [3]. The degree to which ASD diagnoses have risen during this time highlights the potential role of non-genetic influences, including early prenatal exposures to heavy metals, organophosphate pesticides, and other environmental toxins, in offspring autism risk [4].
Ref
Nutrients :
. 2023 Aug 29;15(17):3772. doi: 10.3390/nu15173772
However, since its approval by the main food safety agencies, several concerns have been raised related to neuropsychiatric effects and neurotoxicity due to its ability to activate glutamate receptors, as well as carcinogenic risks due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species.
Within this review, we critically evaluate reports concerning the safety of aspartame. Some studies evidenced subtle mood and behavioral changes upon daily high-dose intake below the admitted limit.
Epidemiology studies also evidenced
But an association by chance still could not be excluded. While the debate over the carcinogenic risk of aspartame is ongoing, it is clear that its use may pose some dangers in peculiar cases
, such as patients with seizures or other neurological diseases;
It should be totally forbidden for patients
with phenylketonuria,
and reduced doses or complete avoidance
are advisable during pregnancy
. It would be also highly desirable for every product
containing aspartame
to clearly indicate on the label the
exact amount of the substance and some risk warning.
Due to decreased sugar production throughout the two world wars as well as an increased prevalence of nutrition disorders,
particularly diabetes mellitus, in post-war industrialized societies, artificial sweeteners, also known as non-nutritive sweeteners, gained popularity [1]
. Some non-nutritive, low-calorie sweeteners provide a similar taste while bringing 200–300 times fewer calories than sugar [2].
Saccharin, discovered and used since 1879, was widely regarded at the time as a sugar substitute.
James Schlatter, while doing biochemical synthesis experiments with Robert Mazur
, accidentally discovered aspartame in 1965,
and his employer G.D. Searle immediately started testing the substance in the hope of producing and
commercializing it on a wide scale [3,4]
(Figure 1). Aspartame is the methyl ester of the dipeptide formed by L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalanine [5].
It has been found to be 188 times sweeter than sugar while having the same calorie contents per weight unit [6].
Ref Nutrients. 2023 Aug 18;15(16):3627. doi: 10.3390/nu15163627
Aspartame Safety as a Food Sweetener and Related Health Hazards
Shurooq Asaad Abdulameer Shaher 1,2, Dan Florin Mihailescu 1, Bogdan Amuzescu 1,*
Editor: Philip J Atherton
1. Origin. Artificial. Natural
2 Molecule. Hydrophobic. Hydrophilic
3Binding to the poorly absorbed by taste buds
T1R3 receptor
in taste bud Absorbed more
intensively by the taste buds.
4 caloric intake. Low. High
5 Effect on glycemia Increases blood glucose
minimal impact
on blood glucose levels,
but recent evidence has
prompted us to
reevaluate this aspect.
6Metabolism
84% not absorbed. Metabolizes
in glucose and fructose
7 sweetness 600. Sucrose 1time sweet
Times more than
Sucrose
It is noteworthy that sucralose can persist in the bloodstream for over 18 h post-ingestion [2].
Furthermore, observations indicate that this sweetener can traverse the placenta, reaching the fetus in pregnant women, and is also present in breast milk [2,17].
Concerns regarding the duration of sucralose in the body have been raised by researchers. A study by
Bornemann et al., involving rats consuming sucralose for 40 days, reported the detection of acetylated metabolites
in urine up to 11 days after the last dose [18].
The study also revealed sucralose presence
in rat adipose tissue up to two weeks post the final dose [18], presenting results contradictory
to prior data.
Hence, further research is imperative to comprehend the persistence of sucralose and
the effects of its metabolites in the body.Conntrary to expectations, the bioavailability of
sucralose in the human body varies with age.
Sylvetsky et al. determined that children consuming a 300 mL diet drink exhibit plasma concentrations of sucralose twice as high as adults [19]. Sylvetsky suggests that this may be attributed to children’s lower glomerular filtration rate.
Life (Basel). 2024 Feb 29;14(3):323. doi: 10.3390/life14030323
Sucralose: From Sweet Success to Metabolic Controversies—Unraveling the Global Health Implications of a Pervasive Non-Caloric Artificial Sweetener
José Alfredo Aguayo-Guerrero 1, Lucía Angélica Méndez-García 1, Helena Solleiro-Villavicencio 2, Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria 3, Galileo Escobedo
सुक्रालोज हे सुरुवातीला मधुमेह आणि लठ्ठपणा असलेल्या रुग्णांमध्ये ग्लायसेमिक पीक आणि कॅलरीजचे सेवन कमी करण्यासाठी वापरले जाणारे अन्न मिश्रित पदार्थ आहे.
ग्लाईसमिक याचा अर्थ रक्तातील साखर
जरी सुक्रालोज मानवी वापरासाठी सुरक्षित मानले जात असले तरी,
जागतिक आरोग्य संघटनेने (WHO) २०२३ मध्ये या कृत्रिम गोड पदार्थाच्या संभाव्य आरोग्य परिणामांबद्दल जागतिक इशारा जारी केला.
या पुनरावलोकनाचा उद्देश सुक्रालोज शोषण, चयापचय आणि उत्सर्जन समजून घेऊन मानवी आरोग्यावर सुक्रालोजच्या सेवनाचे परिणाम व्यापकपणे प्रकाश टिकणे आहे.
आम्ही तृप्तता, इन्क्रिटीन रिलीज आणि इन्सुलिन प्रतिसाद नियंत्रित करणाऱ्या सुक्रालोज-आधारित सिग्नलिंग मार्गांमध्ये मध्यस्थी करण्यात गोड चव १ रिसेप्टर ३ (T1R3) ची भूमिका देखील रेखाटतो.
शेवटी, आम्ही मायक्रोबायोम डिस्बायोसिस, दाहक प्रतिसाद उत्पत्ती, यकृताचे नुकसान
आणि विषारीपणावर सुक्रालोजचा प्रभाव यावर चर्चा करतो.
मानवी शरीरक्रियाविज्ञानावर सुक्रालोजच्या विविध परिणामांची सखोल समज प्राप्त केल्याने मुले, किशोरवयीन मुले आणि गर्भवती महिलांसह व्यापक लोकसंख्ये
साठी त्याचे सेवन सुरक्षित मानले जाईल याची खात्री करण्यासाठी पुढील अभ्यासांना चालना मिळेल.
प्रस्तावना
सुक्रालोज, एक प्रचलित अन्न मिश्रित पदार्थ, मोठ्या प्रमाणात योगदान न देता अन्नांना गोडवा देण्यासाठी वापरला जातो
कॅलरीज भार.
जागतिक स्वीटनर बाजारपेठेत त्याचे वर्चस्व आहे,
युनायटेड स्टेट्स स्वीटनर बाजारपेठेच्या 30% भाग [2].
4500 हून अधिक अन्न आणि पेय पदार्थांमध्ये उपस्थित असलेले, सुक्रालोज अन्न उद्योगात एक महत्त्वाची भूमिका बजावते आणि त्याची बाजारपेठेतील उपस्थिती मजबूत करण्याचा अंदाज आहे [2,3].
१९७६ मध्ये शशिकांत फडणीस यांनी शोधून काढलेले सुक्रालोज, ज्याला रासायनिकदृष्ट्या १,६-डायक्लोरो-१,६-डायडॉक्सी-β-डी-फ्रुक्टोफुरानोसिल-४-क्लोरो-४-डीऑक्सी-α-डी-गॅलेक्टोपायरानोसाइड म्हणून ओळखले जाते, हे सुक्रोज [४,५] पासून मिळवलेले एक कृत्रिम गोड पदार्थ आहे.
निवडक हॅलोजनेशनद्वारे उत्पादित केले जाते, ज्यामध्ये सुक्रोज रेणूमध्ये तीन क्लोरीन अणूंचा समावेश होतो.
निवडक हॅलोजनेशनद्वारे उत्पादित केले जाते, ज्यामध्ये सुक्रोज रेणूमध्ये तीन क्लोरीन अणूंचा समावेश होतो,
ही प्रक्रिया आतड्यांतील शोषण कमी करते.
मूळतः
लठ्ठपणा आणि मधुमेह असलेल्या व्यक्तींसाठी हेतू होता कारण ते ग्लायसेमिक स्पाइक्स टाळण्याची आणि गोडपणा राखताना कॅलरी सेवन कमी करण्याची क्षमता देते [६],
सुक्रालोज विविध लोकसंख्याशास्त्रांमध्ये एक सर्वव्यापी गोड पदार्थ बनले आहे.
वेगवेगळ्या पीएच पातळी असलेल्या द्रावणांमध्ये दीर्घकाळ घन-अवस्थेची स्थिरता आणि लवचिकता यासारख्या अद्वितीय वैशिष्ट्यांचा अभिमान बाळगणे [7],
ते नियमित साखरेपेक्षा 600 पट गोड राहते
, बॅक्टेरियोस्टॅटिक प्रभावासह जे दंत क्षय रोखते दात मिळत नाही
वर्षानुवर्षे, सुक्रालोज हा एक निरुपद्रवी पदार्थ मानला जात आहे.
१९९८ मध्ये, संयुक्त राष्ट्रांमधील WHO/FAO च्या अन्न पूरक घटकांवरील तज्ञांच्या संयुक्त समितीने या स्वीटनरला सुरक्षित उत्पादन म्हणून वर्गीकृत केले [10].
FDA ने असेही म्हटले आहे की सुक्रालोज मुलांसाठी आणि मधुमेह असलेल्या व्यक्तींसाठी वापरण्यासाठी सुरक्षित आहे [11].
WHO ने या स्वीटनरसाठी स्वीकार्य दैनिक सेवन १५ मिलीग्राम/किलो शरीराच्या वजनावर नोंदवले आहे [12].
सुरुवातीला सुक्रालोज लठ्ठपणा आणि चयापचय रोगांच्या वाढत्या दरांवर एक नवीन उपाय देत असल्याचे दिसून आले [13].
तथापि, सुक्रॅलोजची निरुपद्रवीता स्पष्ट असूनही, जागतिक आरोग्य संघटनेने (WHO) अलीकडेच एक इशारा जारी केला आहे ज्यामध्ये असे सूचित केले आहे की सुक्रॅलोजचे सेवन प्रणालीगत जळजळ आणि चयापचय रोगांशी जोडले जाऊ शकते [14].
पुढील माहिती चवीबद्दल असेल चव कशी लागते
संदर्भ Life (Basel). 2024 Feb 29;14(3):323. doi: 10.3390/life14030323
Sucralose: From Sweet Success to Metabolic Controversies—Unraveling the Global Health Implications of a Pervasive Non-Caloric Artificial Sweetener
José Alfredo Aguayo-Guerrero 1, Lucía Angélica Méndez-García 1, Helena Solleiro-Villavicencio 2, Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria 3, Galileo Escobedo
जीवन (बेसल). २०२४ फेब्रुवारी २९;१४(३):३२३. doi: १०.३३९०/जीवन१४०३०३२३
सुक्रॅलोज: गोड यशापासून चयापचय विवादांपर्यंत—व्यापक नॉन-कॅलरी कृत्रिम स्वीटनरचे जागतिक आरोग्य परिणाम उलगडणे
जोसे अल्फ्रेडो अगुआयो-ग्युरेरो १, लुसिया अँजेलिका मेंडेझ-गार्सिया १, हेलेना सोलेइरो-विलाविसेंसिओ २, रेबेका व्ह्युरकोस-सॅनाब्रिया ३, गॅलीलियो एस्कोबेडो
Sucralose is a food additive initially used to mitigate glycemic peaks and calorie intake in patients with diabetes and obesity.
Although sucralose has been considered safe for human consumption,
This review aims to comprehensively explore the effects of sucralose intake on human health by understanding sucralose absorption, metabolism, and excretion.
We also outline the role of the sweet taste 1 receptor 3 (T1R3) in mediating sucralose-dependent signaling pathways that regulate satiety, incretin release, and insulin response.
Finally, we discuss the impact of sucralose on microbiome dysbiosis, inflammatory response origin, liver damage, and toxicity.
Gaining a deeper understanding of the manifold effects of sucralose on human physiology will help promote further studies to ensure its consumption is deemed safe for a broader population, including children, adolescents, and pregnant women.
Sucralose, a prevalent food additive, is utilized to impart sweetness to foods without contributing a substantial
caloric load .
It dominates the global sweetener market,
comprising 30% of the United States sweetener market [2].
sucralose has become a ubiquitous sweetener across diverse demographics.
Boasting unique characteristics such as prolonged solid-state stability and resilience in solutions with varying pH levels [7],
In 1998, the Joint Committee of Experts on
Food Additives of the WHO/FAO within the United Nations classified this sweetener as a safe product [10].
The FDA has also stated that sucralose is safe for consumption by children and individuals with diabetes [11].
Sucralose initially appeared to offer a fresh solution to the rising rates of obesity and metabolic diseases [13].
1) Sucralose stands as most common non-nutrtive sweetner .
2,) Authors aim to study the effects of Sucralose daily intake on glycemiia
Subjective appetite and gut microbiota.
3)
changes in subjects with overweight or obesity. In this randomized, crossover, and controlled trial, 23 participants with a body mass index between 25 kg/m2 and 39.9 kg/m2 will be assigned to one of two interventions to receive either
sucralose (2 mg/kg/day equivalent to 40% of the acceptable daily intake) or glucose (control) for 4 weeks, each phase separated by a 4-week washout period. The glycemic response will be determined during a meal tolerance test, subjective appetite will be evaluated using a visual analog scale, and GM changes will be analyzed by
( next-generation sequencing of the bacterial rRNA 16S gene from fecal samples).
All measures will be performed before and after intervention periods. We hypothesize that sucralose supplementation induces changes in glycemic response, subjective appetite, and gut microbiota in overweight and obese participants.
Global obesity and overweight rates have risen
sharply, becoming a major health concern due to their association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. Mexico ranks second in obesity prevalence among the nations belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), with 36.9% of its population affected [1]. Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) have been implemented as substitutes for sugar to reduce caloric intake and prevent body weight gain..
Sucralose is an artificial NNS derived from sucrose, which has a sweetening capacity 600 times greater than sucrose and has an acceptable daily intake (ADI) estimated value of 5 mg/kg/day according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [3].
The use of sucralose is widely recommended among individuals with obesity and T2D.
However, experimental and clinical trials have reported undesirable effects on glucose and energy metabolism,
which can be attributed to three potential mechanisms: activation of T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptors, affecting insulin and incretin release; triggering a
cephalic response that may increase caloric intake; and interaction with gut microbiota (GM), potentially causing dysbiosis. In the latter case, sucralose may disrupt GM composition,
increasing intestinal permeability and allowing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to enter the bloodstream, leading to a low-grade inflammatory response (metabolic endotoxemia) that could induce insulin resistance [4].
Methods Protoc. 2024 Oct 7;7(5):80. doi: 10.3390/mps7050080
Effects of Sucralose Supplementation on Glycemic Response, Appetite, and Gut Microbiota in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Crossover Study Protocol
Zeniff Reyes-López 1, Viridiana Olvera-Hernández 1, Meztli Ramos-García 1, José D Méndez 2, Crystell G Guzmán-Priego 1, Miriam C Martínez-López 1, Carlos García-Vázquez 1, Carina S Alvarez-Villagomez 3, Isela E Juárez-Rojop 1, Juan C Díaz-Zagoya 4, Jorge L Ble-Castillo 1,*
