Slide 1 History
1500 BC Ebers Papyrus First Described Diabetes
Diabetes means to siphon .The most obvious sign
of diabetes is excessive urination
Mellitus means sweet like a honey.
It is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.
In which body’s blood sugar (glucose)
Level remains too high and causes problems.
Insulin allows body’s cells to use glucose as a fuel.
Slide2 History
Diabetes Causes
Genetical
Environmental
Reported by Sushrut born 800 BC
Slide 3
In 1889 Minkowski, with the German physiologist
Joseph von Mering (1849-1908), discovered
that dogs subjected to removal of their pancreas
develop the symptoms of diabetes,
leading Minkowski to postulate that the pancreas
is the site of secretion of an antidiabetic
substance, now known to be insulin.
Slide 4
The Noble story of Insulin 1921
DR Banting & DR Best isolated insulin
From pancreas of dog
Insulin injected to a diabetic dog
showed fall in glucose levels
Slide5
On January 11, 1922, a 14-year-old
with type 1 diabetes
named Leonard Thompson received an experimental injection
at the Toronto General Hospital that would change
history. At the time, type 1 diabetes was thought
to be a death sentence.
Thompson's life was extended by
an additional
13 years using insulin.
Slide6
Pancreas
The pancreas has an exocrine portion that
secretes digestive enzymes
that are carried through a duct to the duodenum.
The endocrine portion consists
of the pancreatic islets,
Paul Langerhans 1869 Described clusters of cells (islets )
In the pancreas which secrete Glucagon and insulin.
Types of Diabetes Slide 7
Type I DM Insulin Dependent Diabetes
5-10% of diabetic patients. Usually affects
Children.
In this condition pancreas of the patients
Produce practically no insulin.
The patient’s survival is dependent on external insulin
Type II Diabetes : Non Insulin Dependent
Diabetes
Causes
Genetically
Environmental
Insulin is insufficient or insensitive
Slide 8 Symptoms
Excessively Thirsty (polydypsia)
Passing a lot of urine (Polyuria)
Excessive eating ( Polyphagia)
Delayed wound healing
Tiredness leg pains and numbness in the foot.
Person may not have any symptom
REGULAR CHECKING IS THE key
Diabetes Diagnosis Slide 9
Glucose Fasting
(Fasting Blood Sugar): Normal less
than< 110 mg/dl
Impaired glucose 110 to 125fasting mg/dl
Diabetes mellitus greater than or=126mg/dl
Ref ADA guidelines ( 2024)
Glucose post prandial 2Hours after Lunch
PPBS (Post Prandial Blood Sugar). Normal <140mg/dl
Impaired glucose tolerance 14o to 199 mg/dl
Diabetes mellitus :>or =200mg/d
Ref American diabetes association guidlines.2017
Impaired means pre Diabetes
Treatment Slide 10
Dietary restrictions
Exercise: Burns fats controls obesity
Drugs : Oral or insulin
Once diabetic Diet restrictions, and exercise always required.
Intresting Joiurny of Diabetes is 1500 BC old means (1500+2025=3525) years ago
Ebers Papyrus First Described Diabetes
Diabetes means to siphon .The most obvious sign
of diabetes is excessive urination
Sushrut Born 800BC Diabetes Causes
Mentioned
Genetical
Environmental
Imp land mark 1869 Paul Langharance described cluster
Of cells called islets of Langerhance.
Minkowski, with the German physiologist
Joseph von Mering (1849-1908), discovered year 1889
that dogs subjected to removal of their pancreas
develop the symptoms of diabetes,
1921 isolated Insuline
1922 Insulin injected to
Lenord Thompson extended life for 13Years
to type 1 diabetic patient a boy of 11years.
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