Understanding Biology of Cancer

 Slide 1

    HISTORY :The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus

 The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, 

dating from the seventeenth century B.C.,

 is one of the oldest of all known medical papyri.

Papyrus is a thick paper-like is a thick

 paper-like material 

produced from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus

The world's oldest documented case of cancer hails from

 ancient Egypt, in 1500 BC.

 The details were recorded on a papyrus, documenting

 8 cases of tumors occurring on the breast.

 It was treated by cauterization, a method to be

 destroy tissue with a

 hot instrument called "the fire drill." 

It was also recorded that there was 

no treatment for the disease, only palliative treatment. 

Slide2

What is Cancer

Cancer is growth that originates within a patient's biosystem, 

more commonly known as the human body. 

There are many different types of cancers,

 but all share one hallmark characteristic: 

unchecked growth that progresses

 toward limitless expansion. 

It is difficult to imagine anyone who has not heard 

of this illness. Most people have been affected

 because either they or their loved ones 

or friends are cancer survivors. 

Because cancer is so prevalent,

 people have many questions about its biology

, detection, diagnosis, possible causes, and strategies

 for prevention.

 Slide3

Abnormal cell growth (neoplasia)‏

Malignant as opposed to benign

Benign: slow growth, non-invasive, no metastasis

Malignant: rapid growth, invasive, potential for metasta

sis

        Slide 4  

Occupational Cancer

 

Percivall Pott (1775)

 Born in 1714 Percivall Pott made 

some groundbreaking discoveries in the fields of cancer

 research and surgery techniques.

 

IN 1775, POTT FOUND AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN

 EXPOSURE TO SOOT AND A HIGH INCIDENCE 

OF SCROTAL CANCER (LATER

 FOUND TO BE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA)

 IN CHIMNEY SWEEPS. 

Slide5

THIS WAS THE FIRST OCCUPATIONAL LINK

 TO CANCER, AND POTT WAS THE FIRST 

PERSON TO DEMONSTRATE THAT A MALIGNANCY

 COULD BE CAUSED BY AN ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGEN

. POTT'S EARLY INVESTIGATIONS 

CONTRIBUTED TO THE SCIENCE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

 AND THE CHIMNEY SWEEPER'S ACT OF 1788.[2]

Slide6

 CANCER CAUSING SUBSTANCES

ARSENIC.         Oil Refinary

  Chromium                        BATTERY MAKING GLASS MAKING

ASBESTOS.                 Mininng

PETROLIUM PRODUCTS    working in contact with Lubricant

COAL TAR.                      Working with TAR

RADIATION.                   Working with Radiation industry

Slide 7

Neoplasm (Tumour),benign or malignant( Cancer)

NEOPLASM IS AN ABNORMAL MASS OF TISSUE 

AS A RESULT OF NEOPLASIA. 

NEOPLASIA (NEW GROWTH IN GREEK) IS THE ABNORMAL

 PROLIFERATION OF CELLS

A tumor or tumour is the name for a neoplasm 

or a solid lesion formed by an abnormal growth of cells 

(termed neoplastic) which looks like a swelling.

 Tumor is not synonymous with cancer 

A tumor can be benign, 

pre-malignant or malignant, whereas cancer

 is by definition malignant

Slide 8

  Metastasis is shifting of disease

 processes from

 one site in the body to another

If the process of metastasis could be prevented

 or controlled it would be possible to save 90% of patients 

.If the pre diagnosis of breast requires 8years,

 Such a cancer gets 70128 hours 

for sending its cells else

 where before getting caught clinically.

Slide 10 

Ref Indian Jou Medical Research2023 March11:15614

(4-5) 598-607

                            Males.                                                  Females