Lung Cancer High Risk

 

Lung Cancer High

Risk 1 Tobacco Smoke

2 Radon Gas

      1 Tobacco Smoke

      Cigarette Smoke 

   

                       |

          Induced Oxidative stress 

               

                        | 

            By Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

                   

                         |

             Respiratory Lung Cells are subject to

             ROS

                           |

             Causes DNA Breaks

                             |

            DNA   mutagenesis

       

                             |

       Linked with carcinogenesis 

        

      Lung  Cancer is commonest fatal

       Cancer .

Passive smoking also damages health.

Cigarette smoke: mixture of more than 5000

Chemicals more than  50 known to cause

 cancer cancer in humans 

Other potential causes of Lung cancer :

1Asbestos

2Polycyclic Hydrocarbons

3 Arsenic

4 Diesel emissions

Another Lung Carcinogen  Radon Gas :

A ubiquitous natural air pollutant arising

From radioactive decay of the Uranium

238 which is present through out the earth

Crust .

      Radon is a naturally occurring  radioactive

   Gas with atomic number 86 It is odourless.

   and colourless.

   Both radon induce ionizing radiation and

  Some components of cigarette smoke

Produce  oxidative stress by transmitting

Or generating ROS

ROS ----Ageing------ De8generative disease--

---–----and Cancer .

   

An estimated more than 80% new cases of 

Lung Cancer are due to active cigarette 

Smoking .

The  cigarette smoking  also contributor

For other malignancies .Such as

Oral pharynx  esophagus stomach kidney

Bladder Pancreas and uterine cervix as well

As Leukemias.

Epidemiological studies of Uranium mine

Workers suggested a positive correlation

Between exposure to alpha particles 

Emitted from radon 222Radon and 

Development of lung cancer.

Radon is second most important

Cause of lung cancer.

 Each 100 BQ/m3 of measured long term

Radon exposure raises the risk by 16%

In estimation of exposure .

A heavy smoker may accumulate an alpha

Radiation dose as high as 1Gy to bronchial Bifurcations.

      On the  other hand , no increase in

Lung cancer among never smokers

Has been found in flight attendants 

Exposed during flight to elevated 

Background radiation.

Many countries already  have 

policies To control cigarette smoking and the Radon exposure .

Ref.  Lung Cancer Int. 2012 : 659365

         Naoko Okumura 

         Hitomi Yoshida 

         Yasuko Kitagishi 

          Yuri Nidhi mura

          

             Shio Iseki and

              Satora  Matsuda