1. Introduction
Malignant lung cancer is still a current clinical problem, posing a real threat to the entire world population [1,2]
. In order to improve the statistics of early detection of lung cancer, numerous screening projects have been introduced in recent years,
which at the were simultaneously intended to translate into an improvement in the prognosis of the disease [3,4,5].
Knowing that the risk of developing lung cancer increases in people who smoke for a long time and intensively, in the years 2002–2004 in the United States, the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) program was implemented [6].
This study included patients from the highest risk groups, i.e., people between 55 and 74 years of age who were active smokers with a history greater than or equal to 30 pack-years.
Qualified patients underwent screening using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), performed at one-year intervals.
The results of the study showed a reduction in the relative risk of death by about 20% in people examined using LDCT, compared to the group monitored by conventional X-rays.
However, this was associated with a high percentage of false positives and unjustified thoracic surgical interventions [7,8].
Given the lack of reliable, population-wide screening, the efforts of scientists have been focused for several years on understanding the molecular mechanisms useful in the effective selection of optimal therapy for patients at various stages of the disease [9,10].
Knowledge of gene polymorphisms in lung tumors and their clinical usefulness is evolving. Initially, it was thought that these studies would make it possible to predict the response to the use of
classic cytostatics such as cisplatin. Currently, more and more data indicate that the determination of tumor polymorphisms may be an element belonging to the panel of prognostic markers [11,12
Ref
. 2025 Feb 26;26(5):2049. doi: 10.3390/ijms26052049
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