Lung cancer Smoking

 9. Smoking

Literature data clearly show that

 smoking is currently one of the main carcinogens affecting the shortening of life expectancy [91,92,93]. 

This is confirmed by the calculations of special medical calculators, which show that smoking one cigarette shortens life by about 11 min on average,

 and this translates into about 13.2 years shorter survival in men and 14.5 years in women compared to people who have never smoked [94,95,96].

 Smoking is responsible for about 90% of lung cancer deaths in men and 75–80% of lung cancer deaths in women. 

The risk of developing the disease depends, among other things, on the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the duration of the addiction [23].

 Unfortunately, environmental exposure to tobacco smoke is one of the most common causes of lung cancer in non-smokers, as confirmed by epidemiological data conducted since 1981 [37]. 

Smoking is also associated with a higher risk of developing other cancers, e.g., of the oral cavity, throat, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, bladder, kidney and cervix, as well as the hematopoietic system [97].

 Spectral analysis of cigarette smoke showed that it contains over 6000 compounds, of which over 60 are carcinogens [98]. Figure 3 shows the most important of them.

              Fig 3

Ref

Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Feb 26;26(5):2049. doi: 10.3390/ijms26052049

Lung Cancer—Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment and

 Molecular Aspect (

 of Literature)

Beata Smolarz 1,*, Honorata Ł

ukasiewicz 2, Dariusz Samulak 3,4, Ewa Piekarska 5, Radosław Kołaciński 5, Hanna Romanowicz 1

Editor: Verena Trett