PM. 2.5 and Airways Inflammation

 5. PM2.5 and Airways Inflammation

The airways and lungs, the initial sites of PM_2.5 entry and deposition, are the primary targets of its toxicity. 

After PM_2.5 inhalation, the fine particles deposit on the surface of the airway and pulmonary bronchi and alveoli before being internalized into lung cells such as epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages [98]. 

Thereafter, PM_2.5 triggers oxidative stress and impairs the normal function of cells or can even induce apoptosis by different mechanisms, 

such as autophagy. Furthermore, PM_2.5 induces inflammatory responses, which play a major role in respiratory damage.

 Epidemiological evidence shows that PM_2.5 can regulate different inflammation-related signaling pathways, as indicated by elevated Th2 cytokine (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF),

Ref 

 Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 19;19(12):7511. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127511

Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PM2.5)-Mediated Toxicity in Humans: An Overview

Prakash Thangavel 1, Duckshin Park 2,*, Young-Chul Lee 1,3,*

Editor: Paul B Tchounwou